Me ka hoʻomaikaʻi mau ʻana o nā kūlana ola waiwai, hoʻolohe nui ka poʻe i nā pono o ka naʻau, ma o ka hānai ʻana i nā holoholona e ʻimi i ka pilina, e mālama i nā manaʻo.Me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka hānai holoholona, ke piʻi aʻe nei ka makemake o ka poʻe no nā lako holoholona, nā meaʻai holoholona a me nā lawelawe holoholona like ʻole, a ke ʻike nui ʻia nei nā hiʻohiʻona o nā pono like ʻole a pilikino, e alakaʻi ana i ka ulu wikiwiki o ka ʻoihana holoholona.
Ma hope o 100 mau makahiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ua hoʻokumu ka ʻoihana puaʻa i kahi kaulahao ʻoihana piha a ʻoi loa, e komo pū ana i ke kālepa holoholona, nā lako holoholona, meaʻai holoholona, nā lāʻau lapaʻau holoholona, ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā holoholona, ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa holoholona a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe.I waena o lākou, he lālā koʻikoʻi ka ʻoihana meaʻai holoholona holoholona, ʻo nā huahana nui e pili ana i nā huahana leʻaleʻa hale holoholona, nā mea maʻemaʻe a me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe, etc.
Puna: PWC
Hōʻike pili: Pet Industry Segment Market Survey and Investment Prospect Forecast Report (2022-2028) na Beijing Puhua Youce Information Consulting Co., LTD.
1. Nānā i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana puaʻa haole
Ua ulu ka ʻoihana puaʻa honua ma Beretania ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻoihana, hoʻomaka mua ma nā ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia, a ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā loulou āpau o ke kaulahao ʻoihana.I kēia manawa, ʻo ʻAmelika ka mākeke meaʻai holoholona nui loa o ka honua, ʻo ʻEulopa a me nā mākeke ʻĀsia e kū mai ana he mau mākeke holoholona nui.
(1) Makeke holoholona ʻAmelika
He moʻolelo lōʻihi ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana holoholona ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.Ua ʻike ʻo ia i ke kaʻina hana hoʻohui mai nā hale kūʻai kūʻai puaʻa kuʻuna a hiki i nā kahua kūʻai holoholona pipi ākea, nui a ʻoihana, a ʻoi loa ke kaulahao ʻoihana i kēia manawa.ʻO ka mākeke puaʻa US ʻo ia ka mākeke pipi nui loa ma ka honua, e hōʻike ana i ka nui o nā holoholona, kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ke komo ʻana o ka hale, kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā holoholona holoholona a me ka koi pipi.
I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ke hoʻonui nei ka nui o ka mākeke puaʻa ʻAmelika, a ke piʻi aʻe nei ka hoʻolimalima ʻai holoholona i kēlā me kēia makahiki me kahi ulu ulu paʻa.Wahi a ka American Pet Products Association (APPA), ua hōʻea nā mea kūʻai aku ma ka mākeke holoholona US i $ 103.6 biliona ma 2020, ʻoi aku ma mua o $ 100 biliona no ka manawa mua a piʻi i 6.7% mai 2019. I loko o nā makahiki he ʻumi mai 2010 a 2020, ʻo ka ʻoihana puaʻa US. ua ulu mai $48.35 biliona a i $103.6 biliona, he 7.92%.
Punaʻikepili: APPA, PWC
ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi o ka mākeke holoholona ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma muli o kona hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻokele waiwai, nā kūlana ola waiwai, ka moʻomeheu pili kanaka a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.I kēia manawa, ua hōʻike ʻo ia i kahi koi koʻikoʻi ikaika, kahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka pōʻai waiwai.I ka makahiki 2020, ma muli o ka hopena o COVID-19 a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe, ua ulu maikaʻi ka US GDP no ka manawa mua ma 10 mau makahiki, i lalo o 2.32% mai 2019. Ua hōʻike ʻo ia i kahi ʻano piʻi a mālama i ka ulu ulu ʻana, me ka piʻi o 6.69% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 2019.
He kiʻekiʻe ke komo ʻana o nā ʻohana holoholona ʻAmelika a he nui nā holoholona.I kēia manawa, ua lilo nā holoholona i mea nui o ke ola ʻAmelika.Wahi a APPA, ma kahi o 84.9 miliona mau ʻohana ʻAmelika i loaʻa nā holoholona i ka makahiki 2019, ʻo ia ka 67% o nā hale a pau o ka ʻāina, a ke manaʻo ʻia nei e piʻi ka pākēneka i 70% e 2021. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia he kiʻekiʻe ka kaulana o ka moʻomeheu holoholona i ka ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻohana ʻAmelika e koho e mālama i nā holoholona i mau hoa, a he kuleana koʻikoʻi nā holoholona i nā ʻohana ʻAmelika.Ma lalo o ka mana o ka moʻomeheu holoholona, ʻo ka mākeke puaʻa ʻAmelika he helu nui a me ka pae kumu.
Punaʻikepili: APPA, PWC
Ma waho aʻe o ka helu kiʻekiʻe o ke komo ʻana o nā hale puaʻa, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe loa o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā holoholona holoholona per capita ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.Wahi a ka ʻikepili i loaʻa i ka lehulehu, ʻo ʻAmelika wale nō ka ʻāina ma ka honua i hoʻolilo ʻoi aku ma mua o $ 150 i kēlā me kēia kanaka ma ka mālama holoholona ma 2019, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o UK, ka mea i helu ʻia ma ka lua.He kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻolilo ʻai ʻana o kēlā me kēia kanaka o nā holoholona, e hōʻike ana i ka manaʻo kiʻekiʻe o ka hānai holoholona a me nā ʻano ʻai holoholona i ka nohona ʻAmelika.
Ma muli o nā kumu kikoʻī o ka koi pipi paʻa, kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka komo ʻana o ka hale a me ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā holoholona pipi per capita, ʻo ka nui o ka mākeke ʻoihana holoholona ma United States ka mea mua ma ka honua a hiki ke mālama i ka ulu ulu.Ma lalo o ka ʻāina kaiapuni o ka moʻomeheu holoholona kaulana a me ka koi ikaika no nā holoholona, ua hoʻohui mau ʻia ka mākeke puaʻa ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, e hopena ana i nā kahua kūʻai huahana holoholona nui a i ʻole nā palena palena.Eia kekahi laʻana, nā paepae e-commerce piha e like me Amazon, nā mea kūʻai kūʻai nui e like me Walmart, nā mea kūʻai mea kūʻai pipi e like me PETSMART a me PETCO, nā papahana e-commerce e hoʻolako i nā holoholona e like me CHEWY, nā mea hoʻolako holoholona e like me CENTRAL GARDEN, etc. Ua lilo ke kahua kūʻai i wahi kūʻai koʻikoʻi no nā hōʻailona holoholona a i ʻole nā mea hana holoholona, e hana ana i ka hōʻiliʻili huahana a me ka hoʻohui waiwai, a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hoʻomohala nui o ka ʻoihana holoholona.
(2) Makeke holoholona ʻEulopa
I kēia manawa, hōʻike ka mākeke holoholona ʻEulopa i ka ulu mau ʻana, a ke hoʻonui nei ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā huahana holoholona i kēlā me kēia makahiki.Wahi a ka European Pet Food Industry Federation (FEDIAF), ʻo ka nui o ka ʻai ʻana o nā holoholona ma ʻEulopa i 2020 i hōʻea i 43 biliona euros, he piʻi o 5.65% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 2019;Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ka nui o ke kūʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai holoholona, nā lako holoholona a me nā lawelawe holoholona i hiki i 21.8 biliona euros, 9.2 biliona euros a me 12 biliona euros i 2020, me ka hoʻonui makahiki i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 2019.
Punaʻikepili: FEDIAF, PWC
He kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ke komo ʻana o ka hale i ka mākeke holoholona ʻEulopa.Wahi a ka ʻikepili FEDIAF, ma kahi o 88 miliona mau hale ma ʻEulopa he mau puaʻa i 2020, me ka nui o ka komo ʻana o ka hale holoholona ma kahi o 38%, kahi piʻi o 3.41% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 85 miliona i ka makahiki 2019. ʻO nā pōpoki a me nā ʻīlio ka mea nui o ka holoholona ʻEulopa. makeke.I ka makahiki 2020, ʻo Romania a me Polani ka helu kiʻekiʻe loa o ka ulu ʻana o nā holoholona holoholona ma ʻEulopa, me ka piʻi ʻana o ka home o nā pōpoki a me nā ʻīlio ma kahi o 42%.Ua ukali ʻia kēia e ka Czech Republic, kahi i ʻoi aku ka nui o ke komo ʻana ma luna o 40%.
Punaʻikepili: FEDIAF, PWC
2. Ka nānā 'ana o ka 'oihana holoholona holoholona
(1) Hoʻonui ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai i ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana puaʻa, a hoʻonui ka mākeke ʻai puaʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mākeke holoholona ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻomaka ka ʻoihana puaʻa Kina i ka hopena, i hoʻomaka i ka makahiki 1990.I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, me ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka manaʻo hoʻohana, ua komo ka ʻoihana holoholona o ko mākou ʻāina i ka pae hoʻomohala wikiwiki.I kēia manawa, loaʻa i kā mākou ʻoihana puaʻa kekahi pālākiō, a ʻo ka ʻīlio pipi a me ka pōpoki pipi ka mea nui.Wahi a ka White Paper on China's Pet Industry, ʻo ka huina o nā ʻīlio holoholona a me nā pōpoki ma nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kūlanakauhale i ka makahiki 2020 ua ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 miliona, me 52.22 miliona mau ʻīlio a me 48.62 miliona mau pōpoki, helu no 51 pakeneka a me 46 pakeneka o ka huina o ka holoholona. nā mea nona nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kūlanakauhale.
Me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka loaʻa kālā o nā kamaʻāina a me ka maikaʻi o ke ola, ua loli iki ka manaʻo o ka hānai holoholona mai ka "mālama home" a i ka "hoa aloha".Manaʻo ka nui o nā poʻe meaʻai a me nā ʻohana i nā puaʻa he ʻohana pili loa, a ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou koi no nā lako holoholona a me nā meaʻai holoholona.Ma waho aʻe o ka meaʻai nui, kūʻai pū lākou i nā mea e pono ai i kēlā me kēia lā, nā mea pāʻani, nā meaʻai a me nā lako huakaʻi no nā holoholona.Wahi a ka White Paper on China's Pet Industry, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēlā me kēia kanaka i kēlā me kēia holoholona ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Kina ma mua o 5,000 yuan mai ka makahiki 2018, a hiki i ka 5,172 yuan ma 2020. Me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka manaʻo ʻai o ka poʻe i nā huahana holoholona a me nā meaʻai, ʻo ka holoholona. Hoʻokaʻawale mālie ʻia nā kumuwaiwai ʻoihana a hoʻohui pū ʻia, e hana ana i nā lako holoholona, meaʻai pipi, lāʻau lapaʻau holoholona a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe.
Ke alakaʻi ʻia e nā kumu he nui e like me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o nā mea nona nā holoholona, ka ulu ʻana o ka nui o nā holoholona a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana, ke hoʻonui mau nei ka mākeke o ka ʻoihana holoholona ma Kina.Mai 2010 a 2020, ua piʻi wikiwiki ka mākeke ʻai holoholona mai 14 biliona yuan a i 206.5 biliona yuan, me ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o 30.88%.
(2) ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o nā ʻoihana puaʻa home, e hoʻololi mālie ana mai ke ʻano OEM a i ka brand kūʻokoʻa
Ma muli o ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana o ka ʻoihana puaʻa haole a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka wahi o ka mākeke puaʻa home, ʻo nā mea hana ʻoihana puaʻa mua i ka hapa nui o nā ʻoihana OEM o nā mea hana haole.Me ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana puaʻa home, ua haki mālie nā mea hana ʻoihana puaʻa home i ke ʻano OEM kuʻuna a kū pololei i nā mea kūʻai aku ma o ka hana ʻana i kā lākou mau hōʻailona ponoʻī.Nui nā ʻoihana kūloko, me Yiyi Group, Petty Group, Sinopet Group, Yuanfei Pet a me Zhongheng Pet, ua wehe i ka mākeke huahana ma o kā lākou mau hōʻailona ponoʻī.
(3) He haʻahaʻa ka nui o ke komo ʻana o ka ʻohana holoholona pipi, a he nui ka wahi hoʻomohala mākeke
Ma muli o ka puka mālie ʻana o ka ʻoihana puaʻa mai ka makahiki 1990, ua lohi loa ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā holoholona mai ka hana o nā mea hana i ka hana hou o ka pilina pili.I kēia manawa, ke hoʻomau nei ka manaʻo o ka hānai holoholona ma Kina i ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana.ʻO nā ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia me ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana i ka ʻoihana puaʻa he nui ka nui o ke kaulahao ʻoihana holoholona.I ka makahiki 2019, ua hiki i ka helu komo o nā hale holoholona ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i 67%, a ma ʻEulopa, ua hiki i ka helu komo o nā hale holoholona i 38%.ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka helu komo ʻana o nā hale holoholona ma Kina ma mua o ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me nā ʻāina a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe.
I kēia manawa, ʻo ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o nā ʻohana holoholona e lawe mai i kahi ulu nui a me ka hiki ke hoʻomohala i ka mākeke holoholona holoholona.I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, me ka piʻi ʻana o ka manaʻo o ka mālama ʻana i nā holoholona ma Kina, ua komo ka ʻoihana puaʻa hale i kahi pae o ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki, me ka nui o ka mākeke hoʻohana holoholona ma mua o 200 billion yuan ma 2019. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka ʻO ka manaʻo o ka mālama holoholona, e hoʻonui hou ʻia ka helu komo ʻana o nā ʻohana holoholona, a e hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka mākeke holoholona e like me ia.
(4) Hāʻawi ke kino nui o ka ʻai holoholona i kahi puʻupuʻu ʻōpio, me ka post-80s a me ka post-90s ka ikaika nui o ka ʻai.
Me ka ulu wikiwiki o ka ʻoihana holoholona i ko mākou ʻāina, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka manaʻo holoholona e hoʻohuli i ke ʻano o ka nohona o ka poʻe ʻōpio.Wahi a ka White Paper of China's Pet Industry, i ka hui pūʻulu o ka hānai holoholona ma 2020, ʻo ka poʻe hoʻokahi he 33.7%, i ke aloha 17.3%, male me nā keiki 29.4% a male me nā keiki ʻole 19.6%.Ua lilo nā holoholona i mau hoa pili aloha o ka poʻe hoʻokahi a me ka hoʻoikaika manaʻo o ka male a me ka ʻohana.Ke pāʻani nei i kahi hana koʻikoʻi i ka People's Daily life.
Ma muli o nā ʻokoʻa o ka hoʻonaʻauao, ka nohona, ka ulu ʻana a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka poʻe ʻōpio i ka ʻae ʻana i ka manaʻo o ka hānai holoholona, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka manaʻo no nā holoholona.Hōʻike ka heluna o nā poʻe hānai holoholona i ka māhele ʻike o nā poʻe ʻōpio.Wahi a ka White Paper on China's Pet Industry, ʻo ka hanauna post-80s a me post-90s ka ikaika nui o nā holoholona, ʻoi aku ma mua o 74 pakeneka o nā mea mālama holoholona i 2020. ka ikaika nui o ka ʻai ʻana i nā holoholona i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
3. Nā manawa hoʻomohala ʻoihana
(1) Ke hoʻomau nei ka ulu ʻana o ka mākeke ma lalo o ka ʻoihana
Me ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka manaʻo o ka hānai ʻana i nā holoholona, ma nā mākeke ʻē aʻe a me nā mākeke kūloko, ua hōʻike ka mākeke o ka ʻoihana holoholona i kahi ʻano o ka hoʻonui lohi.Wahi a ka ʻikepili o ka American Pet Products Association (APPA), ʻo ia ka mākeke holoholona nui loa i kēia manawa, ua piʻi ka nui o ka mākeke o ka ʻoihana holoholona ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa mai 48.35 biliona kālā i 103.6 biliona kālā i nā makahiki he ʻumi mai 2010 a 2020. , me ka nui o ka ulu ana o 7.92%;Wahi a ka European Pet Food Industry Federation (FEDIAF), ʻo ka nui o ka ʻai ʻana o nā holoholona i ka mākeke holoholona ʻEulopa e hiki i 43 biliona euros i 2020, he piʻi o 5.65% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 2019;ʻO ka mākeke pipi Kepani, kahi mea nui ma Asia, ua hōʻike i kahi ʻano ulu mau akā e piʻi aʻe nei i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, e mālama ana i ka piʻi ʻana o ka ulu makahiki o 1.5% a 2%.I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua komo ka mākeke holoholona holoholona i kahi pae o ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki.Mai 2010 a 2020, ua piʻi wikiwiki ka mākeke ʻai holoholona mai 14 biliona yuan a i 206.5 biliona yuan, me ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o 30.88%.
No ka ʻoihana puaʻa i nā ʻāina hoʻomohala, ma muli o kona hoʻomaka mua ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana o ke kanaka makua, he koi koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi no nā holoholona a me nā huahana meaʻai e pili ana i nā holoholona, a ke manaʻo ʻia e mālama i ka nui o ka mākeke paʻa i ka wā e hiki mai ana.Ma ke ʻano he mākeke e kū mai ana o ka ʻoihana puaʻa, manaʻo ʻia ka ʻoihana puaʻa o Kina e hoʻomau i ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana ma muli o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻokele waiwai, ka kaulana o ka manaʻo hānai holoholona, nā hoʻololi i ka hoʻolālā ʻohana a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ʻo ka hohonu a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka manaʻo o ka hānai holoholona ma ka home a me nā ʻāina ʻē i alakaʻi i ka hoʻomohala ikaika ʻana o ka ʻoihana meaʻai meaʻai holoholona e pili ana, a e hoʻolauna i nā manawa ʻoihana a me nā wahi hoʻomohala i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
(2) Hoʻoikaika ka manaʻo hoʻohana a me ka ʻike kaiapuni i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻoihana
Hoʻokō wale nā huahana holoholona mua i nā pono hana maʻamau, hana hoʻolālā hoʻokahi, kaʻina hana maʻalahi.Me ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā kūlana ola o nā kānaka, ʻoi aku ka kaulana o ka manaʻo o ka "humanization" o nā holoholona, a ke nānā nui nei nā kānaka i ka hōʻoluʻolu o nā holoholona.Ua hoʻopuka kekahi mau ʻāina ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika i nā kānāwai a me nā hoʻoponopono e hoʻoikaika i ka pale ʻana i nā pono kumu o nā holoholona, e hoʻomaikaʻi i kā lākou pono pono, a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kūloko o ka mālama holoholona.ʻO nā kumu he nui e pili ana e hāpai i nā koi o ka poʻe no nā huahana holoholona e hoʻomau i ka piʻi, a ke hoʻomau nei ko lākou makemake e ʻai.Hōʻike pū ʻia nā huahana holoholona i nā hana he nui, hana kanaka, ʻano, hoʻonui wikiwiki, a hoʻonui i ka waiwai o nā huahana.
I kēia manawa, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia a me nā wahi e like me ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika, ʻaʻole hoʻohana nui ʻia nā lako holoholona i ko mākou ʻāina.Me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka makemake ʻai holoholona, e piʻi wikiwiki ka nui o ke kūʻai ʻana i nā lako holoholona, a ʻo ka hopena o ka noi ʻai e hoʻoikaika ikaika i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana.
4. Nā pilikia hoʻomohala ʻoihana
I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, me kā mākou ʻoihana puaʻa e komo ana i kahi pae o ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana, ʻaʻole ʻike wale ka ʻoihana puaʻa home i nā manawa akā ke kū nei i nā pilikia.
Ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana, ma ke ʻano he subsector o ka ʻoihana māmā, ua hoʻomaka ʻia ka ʻoihana lako holoholona ma Kina a ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu i kahi kaiaola ʻenehana.ʻAʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia ka mākeke huahana holoholona home i kahi ala kūʻai kūʻai kūpaʻa a nui, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai o nā ʻoihana e hoʻomohala i nā mākeke kūloko hou, e hoʻonui ana i ka paʻakikī o nā ʻoihana e hoʻonui i ka pae mākeke kūloko.
Ma ke ʻano o ke kūkulu hale kūʻokoʻa, i kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻoihana hoʻolako holoholona holoholona i nāwaliwali i ka noiʻi kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa a me ka hiki ke hoʻomohala, ka palena o ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana i ka hana kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa, a me ka ʻike haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻokūkū kumukūʻai ʻino i ka huahana haʻahaʻa. mākeke, ʻaʻole kūpono i ka hoʻomohala olakino o ka ʻoihana.
I ka ʻōlelo o ka ʻoihana kalepa honua, ʻo ka hapa nui o kā mākou ʻoihana huahana holoholona nui e kūʻai nui aku i nā ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia e like me ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika, a ʻo nā loli o nā kulekele kālepa i nā ʻāina huakaʻi he mana nui i ka hoʻopuka huahana.Ma lalo o ka mana o nā kulekele palekana kalepa ma kekahi mau ʻāina, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka wahi waiwai o nā ʻoihana holoholona holoholona i kekahi ʻano, e lawe mai ana i kekahi mau hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-01-2022